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Abnomal Loads















Special Transport or Heavy and oversized transportation is a type of transportation that became an active business domain in Eastern Europe.

When a load cannot be dismantled into units that can be transported without exceeding the limitations in terms of the dimensions and/or mass, it is classified as an abnormal load. Another definition can be summarised as following: an abnormal indivisible load ('AIL') is one which cannot be divided into two or more loads for transporting (on
roads). Also, break bulk is used to define the freight that cannot be loaded into any ocean container or too large for air cargo.

The trucks must have special signs of "convoi exceptionnel" and lights that warn the oversized cargo. The escort car has also special signs, depending the country within it operates.

Special permits are issued by local authorities to allow a transporter to operate on a public road for a limited period and for a certain and given route. These permits can be annual in different European countries like Hungary, Austria, Germany, France etc.











 













In Romania, if the total dimensions (truck+load) exceed 16.5m x 2.5m x 4m x 40 tones, then a transport is considered out of gauge (or if it does not fit into a tilt truck). A table of maximum dimensions and weight is available for European countries on the International Transport Forum. Transporting oversize loads requires, in some cases, escorts and police (for total weight of more than 80to, width 5m). Also, a route survey is mandatory if the height is over 4.5m.

Romania has an active market for special transporters, where companies, as mentioned above, Schnell Trans, deal with international transportation projects.

Trailers that can assure special loads have different characteristics depending on the axles` number, height from the ground to the platform, extensions or load capacity. Each of these trucks can load from tramways to energy transformers, from construction machines to metallic structures or wooden boxes/crates.

Any road transport is framed by the CMR Convention  which relates to various legal issues concerning transportation of cargo, predominantly by lorries, by road.





















 In South Africa  Certain vehicles and loads cannot be moved on public roads without exceeding the limitations in terms of the dimensions and/or mass as prescribed in the Regulations of the National Road Traffic Act (Act 93 of 1996).

Where such a vehicle or load cannot be dismantled without disproportionate effort, expense or risk of damage, into units that can travel or be transported legally, it is classified as an abnormal load. When the movement of an abnormal load is considered to be in the economic and/or social interest of the country, a special permit may be issued to allow it to operate on a public road for a limited period.

Permits are normally issued by the Provincial Road Authorities and, if necessary, input is obtained from local and metropolitan authorities.A permit is needed to transport abnormal loads and vehicles. The requirements for a permit depend on the size and nature of the load or vehicle.

The conditions applying to a permit are stipulated on the permit itself and may include traffic assistance. Permits are available from the Department of Transport and Public Works, Law Administration Division.
 
Applications can be made personally or through a consultant but must be made before 12 noon on the day before the vehicle or load is transported. Applications made after that will be considered the following day.Applicants must complete two copies of the abnormal load/vehicle permit application form as well as the sketch page on the back to the form.

Tariffs are determined by considering the dimensions and mass of the vehicle. Quotes can be requested from the Law Administration Division helpdesk.

























 

In England

The Construction and Use (C&U) Regulations provide the basic law by which normal motor vehicles and trailers (up to a maximum of 40 tonnes) are built and operate on the road.

The movement of large or heavy loads and cranes that exceed dimensions set down by the Regulations is permitted, provided they follow the Special Types General Orders (STGO). These are generally referred to as Abnormal Loads.

For more detailed guidance on the regulations follow the pdf link 'Abnormal Loads - A Brief Guide to the Law'.An abnormal load can potentially go on any road provided the haulier complies with the law including weight limits.

Some roads are more suitable and used more often, such as A Class Roads.Before a haulier can move an abnormal load he must notify the Police. In addition, if the gross weight or axle weights exceed those specified on the C&U regulations he must inform the Highway Authority and all bridge owners along the proposed route. (e.g. Network Rail).


The law requires the haulier to give a minimum of two clear days notice to the Police, Highway Authority and Bridge owners before moving the load.

The notice period for loads over 150 tonnes, 6.1 metres wide or 27.4 metres long is different and hauliers moving such loads need special orders from the Department of Transport,

For full details of the notification requirements for large and heavy loads, and to download the appropriate forms please see the official website for the Department for Transport.

















 In the United States an oversize load is a truck tractor with an attached trailer with an over-dimensional object (the load) on it. Usually, an oversize load is more than 13' 6" high, 8' 6" wide and 80' in length.

The load could be a modular home, manufactured home, control room,crane,construction tractor, boat, and must be non-reducible (cannot be reduced to legal dimension).An oversize load can be identified on the highway with a yellow sign with black letters OVERSIZE LOAD on it, on both the front bumper of the truck, and on the rear end of the load.

It is often required that these loads be flagged at the protruding edges, or that the truck itself have a flashing strobe light to add to visibility.With over 3.5 million oversize loads on US highways, some states require that certain oversize loads have certified Pilot/Escort Vehicle Operators (P/EVO) to protect the motoring public and the oversize load.

The purpose of a P/EVO is to safely escort an oversize/overweight load from its starting location to its destination without damaging the load, motorists, highways, roads, control devices, signs, wires, cables or property.



















An overweight load is an oversize load which usually weighs more than 80,000 pounds. Many states have adopted the Federal Bridge Formula to determine legal weight on a group of axles.

Both the size and weight of an oversize load is regulated by the State the oversize load is moving in.

This is done by requiring the hauler to obtain an oversize/overweight permit before traveling on their highways, to assure that the load will not travel through any unsafe construction zones, which may have reduced lane widths, cross any bridges that were not made to handle over 80,000 pounds, or hit any overpasses if they are overheight.






   



          
 

 http://www.abnormalloads.co.za/  
 http://www3.hants.gov.uk
/trafficmanagement/abnormalloads.htm
 
 http://ec.europa.eu/transport
/road_safety/topics
/vehicles/cargo_securing_loads/index_en.htm
 








 








 

 








 
 

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